Echocardiographic haemodynamic calculations

Abstract

Echocardiography provides a non-invasive (transthoracic echocardiography [TTE]) tool that can be used to assess cardiac function. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), although not as benign as TTE, is vital in the diagnosis of vital and subtle cardiovascular abnormalities.

Echocardiography affords the user the opportunity to assess anatomical structures and functional parameters. Importantly, haemodynamic measurements are made using 2D echocardiography and Doppler measurements. Echocardiography can be used to determine quantitative and qualitative parameters of the heart regionally and globally.

Additionally, subjective assessments of the heart function can be made in a perioperative setting that can assist with clinical intervention. Volumetric measurements, pressure gradients, valve area, intracardiac pressures and ventricular dp/dt can all be determined.